Impact of soil heterogeneity in a mixed-layer model of the planetary boundary layer
نویسندگان
چکیده
The dynamics of soil moisture and temperature states are forced by land surface fluxes that form the coupling between the soil and the atmosphere. This twoway interaction between the soil and the atmosphere results in feedback mechanisms that affect the temporal patterns of variability of the system. To understand these characteristics of soil moisture and temperature variability, a one-dimensional coupled mixed-layer model of the land surface and the planetary boundary layer energy and humidity budgets is constructed. To allow integrations on the order of days, the model includes both the growth phase and the collapse phase of mixed layer evolution. The model includes the radiative effects due to the presence of clouds. Given the incoming shortwave radiation, lapse rates of temperature and humidity above the mixed layer and lateral windspeed, the model predicts all longwave radiative and turbulent surface heat fluxes. The model is shown to capture accurately observations taken during the FIFE field experiment. With this model, the impact of soil heterogeneity on the evolution of the surface and mixed-layer energy and humidity budgets is examined, using hydraulic properties from sand, loam and clay soils. It is assumed that the small correlation length scale of soil hydraulic properties and surface inhomogeneities are averaged out in the mixed layer. Relative to a uniform soil, heterogeneity increases the spatial mean latent heat flux for conductive soils and decreases it for unconductive soils, due to decreased and increased percolation respectively. Locally decreasing latent heat fluxes cause a warmer and drier mixed layer and through that an increase of the latent heat flux over other areas. This mixed-layer feedback reduces the impact of heterogeneous surface fluxes. Influence de l'hétérogénéité du sol sur un modèle de couche de mélange de la couche limite planétaire Résumé Cet article présente un modèle de couche de mélange couplant les bilans d'eau et d'énergie de la surface terrestre et de la couche limite planétaire. Pour simuler des périodes de l'ordre de plusieurs jours, le modèle prend en compte l'épaississement et l'amincissement de la couche de mélange. Le modèle prend également en compte le rayonnement dû à la présence de nuages. A partir du rayonnement incident, des taux de variation de la température et de l'humidité audessus de la couche de mélange, et de la vitesse latérale du vent, le modèle prédit le rayonnement thermique et le flux turbulent de chaleur dans la couche de surface. Le modèle reproduit précisément les observations réalisés sur le terrain au cours des expériences FIFE. A partir de ce modèle, il a été possible d'étudier l'influence de l'hétérogénéité du sol sur l'évolution des bilans d'eau et d'énergie de la surface terrestre et de la couche de mélange en utilisant les propriétés hydrauliques des sables, limons et argiles. Les effects dûs aux propriétés hydrauliques des sols et aux hétérogénéités de surface sont moyennes dans la couche de mélange. Par rapport à un sol uniforme, l'hétérogénéité provoque une augmentation du flux moyen de Open for discussion until I February 1999 634 Cornells P. Kim & Dara Enlekhabi chaleur latente pour les sols conducteurs, et sa diminuation pour les sols non conducteurs, étant donné que la percolation subit respectivement une croissance et une décroissance. Les flux de chaleurs localement plus faibles sont à l'origine d'une couche de mélange plus chaude et plus sèche, et de ce fait, d'une augmentation du flux de chaleur latente vers les autres régions. Cette rétroaction de la couche de mélange réduit l'influence des flux des surfaces hétérogènes.
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